Cell Respiration
4 Stages of Respiration
Glycolysis
-in cytoplasm
-anaerobic & aerobic |
1. glucose is broken in half by 2 ATP molecules to make 2 PGAL molecules
2. NAD+ comes in and steals 2 electrons from PGAL making 1 NADH and making PGAL unstable 3. PGAL loses 2 phosphates to make 2 ATPs 4. the remaining molecule is now called pyruvic acid |
Fermentation
|
Grooming
Krebs Cycle
1. Oxaloacetic acid combines with acetyl to make citric acid
2. Citric acid is oxidized by NAD+ making NADH. Because citric acid loses electrons, it is unstable and loses a CO2 3. Similar to step 2 in that NAD+ pulls off electrons making molecule unstable and molecule loses a CO2 4. 4 carbon molecule is still unstable and will lose a P to ADP making ATP 5. Molecule still unstable and will lose 4 more electrons, 2 to FAD+ and 2 to NAD+, turning molecule back into oxaloacetic acid |
Electron Transport Chain
1. NADH and FADH drop electrons off at ETC
2. electrons move down the ETC and pull H+ ions into inner membrane space 3. a concentration gradient of H+ ions is produced in the inner membrane 4. H+ move back into mitochondrial matrix through the ATP synthase 5. ATP synthase uses the energy from the H+ to connect P to ADP, making ATP 6. oxygen pulls the electrons off the ETC allowing the next NADH to drop off its electrons |